green imperial pigeon

The Green Imperial Pigeon (Ducula aenea) is a magnificent and large forest pigeon widely distributed across Southern Asia. Known for its striking metallic plumage and deep, resonant call, this bird is a favorite among avian enthusiasts and wildlife photographers exploring tropical ecosystems.

Measuring between 43-47 cm in length, the Green Imperial Pigeon is a robust and heavy-set bird. Its wings and tail are a brilliant metallic green, which can shimmer with bronze or blue highlights depending on the light. The head, neck, and underparts are typically a soft, pale pinkish-grey, providing a beautiful contrast to its dark wings. A key identifying feature is the deep maroon or chestnut color of its undertail coverts.

The Green Imperial Pigeon primarily inhabits lowland forests, ranging from sea level to lower foothills. They are frequently found in mangrove swamps, coastal woodlands, and dense evergreen forests across India, Southeast Asia, and Indonesia. They prefer areas with tall trees that provide ample cover and food.

This species is almost exclusively frugivorous, meaning its diet consists mainly of fruit. They play a crucial role in seed dispersal within their tropical ecosystems. Their primary food sources include:

• Wild figs
• Nutmeg and other large forest fruits
• Various berries and drupes found in the canopy

During the breeding season, they build a relatively flimsy platform nest made of sticks and twigs, usually positioned high in the tree canopy to avoid predators. Typically, a single white egg is laid, which is incubated by both parents. The nesting period varies geographically based on local fruiting seasons.

These birds are primarily arboreal and rarely descend to the ground. They are often seen singly, in pairs, or in small groups gathered around fruiting trees. Their flight is powerful and direct. They are perhaps best known for their loud, booming calls that resonate through the forest, often described as a deep "wuck-oon" or "coo".

Currently, the Green Imperial Pigeon is categorized as Least Concern by the IUCN Red List. However, while they remain widespread, populations are declining in certain regions due to habitat loss through deforestation and localized hunting pressure.

1. They have a highly specialized gape that allows them to swallow surprisingly large fruits whole.
2. The "Imperial" name refers to their large size and majestic, upright posture.
3. They are known to travel long distances daily between their preferred roosting sites and feeding areas.
4. In some cultures, their presence is considered a sign of a healthy, old-growth forest.

To spot a Green Imperial Pigeon, focus your search on the upper canopy of fruiting trees during the early morning. Listen for their deep, low-frequency calls, which carry long distances. Because they are often shy, using high-quality binoculars is essential to observe the metallic sheen of their feathers without disturbing them.

The Green Imperial Pigeon is an iconic species of the Asian tropical forest. As a vital seed disperser, its survival is linked to the health of the jungle. Understanding its habitat needs and dietary habits is essential for the continued conservation of this beautiful and ecologically important bird.