Introduction
The Indian Bushlark (Mirafra erythroptera) is a small, ground-dwelling bird belonging to the family Alaudidae. Native to South Asia, this species is well-known among bird enthusiasts for its distinctive song and its preference for open, scrubby landscapes.
Physical Appearance
Measuring approximately 14 cm in length, the Indian Bushlark has a pale, heavily streaked plumage on its crown and upper parts. A defining feature is its cheek patch, which is completely bounded by a white supercilium and a post-auricular border. Its underparts are pale with large, prominent spots on the breast. Most notably, it possesses rufous wing bars, which serve as a diagnostic tool for identification, though observers must be careful not to confuse it with the darker Jerdon's Bushlark.
Habitat
This species is typically found in open cultivation, grass, and scrublands. It also frequently inhabits fallow lands across its South Asian range, where the low vegetation provides adequate cover and foraging ground.
Diet
The diet of the Indian Bushlark consists primarily of seeds and tiny insects. It forages mainly on the ground, utilizing its beak to pick up small invertebrates and plant matter found within the soil and grass.
Breeding and Nesting
Like most larks, the Indian Bushlark is a ground-nester. It builds a cup-shaped nest, often tucked away under the protection of a grass tuft or a small bush to stay hidden from predators. The breeding season usually coincides with the local rains when food is most abundant.
Behavior
The Indian Bushlark is known for its habit of singing from bush tops. Unlike many other birds, it does not usually perch on trees or wires. Its song is characterized by rattling tremolos that often fall in pitch. During the breeding season, males may perform a display flight, rising into the air before parachuting back down to a perch.
Conservation Status
The Indian Bushlark is currently classified as a species of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. It remains relatively common throughout its range, although habitat conversion for intensive agriculture can impact local populations.
Interesting Facts
- The rufous wing bars are the most important diagnostic feature for distinguishing it from other lark species.
- Its calls are lower and feature longer rattling tremolos compared to the closely related Jerdon’s Bushlark.
- The species is strictly terrestrial for foraging and rarely leaves the safety of low-lying scrub.
Tips for Birdwatchers
To spot an Indian Bushlark, look toward the tops of low bushes in open fields during the early morning. Listen for their rattling calls to locate them. If you are in the Western Ghats, pay close attention to the wing color; the Indian Bushlark is paler and has less rufous on the wings than the Jerdon's Bushlark.
Conclusion
The Indian Bushlark is a subtle yet fascinating part of South Asia's avian diversity. With its unique song and specific habitat requirements, it remains a favorite subject for birdwatchers exploring the open scrub and fallow lands of the region.
