jungle bush quail

The jungle bush quail (Perdicula asiatica) is a small, ground-dwelling bird native to the Indian subcontinent. This species is widely distributed across India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, favoring dry and stony landscapes over agricultural fields.

Measuring between 16–18 cm (6.3–7.2 in) in length, the jungle bush quail exhibits distinct sexual dimorphism. The male is recognized by its white moustache, variegated wings, and heavily barred white underparts. The female, however, displays a uniform, rich chestnut breast and belly. Both sexes share characteristic red and white streaks on their heads and weigh between 57–81 g.

This quail prefers dry grass, scrub, and deciduous forests, specifically favoring dry and stony ground. They rely on dense ground cover to create a network of runs that allow them to move safely through their environment.

The diet of the jungle bush quail is primarily granivorous, consisting mainly of grass seeds. To supplement their nutrition, they also consume various insects found along the forest floor.

Breeding typically commences after the rainy season and lasts until the onset of winter. The female lays a clutch of five or six eggs. The incubation period is relatively short, lasting between 16 and 18 days. The exact timing of the breeding season varies depending on the bird's specific geographic location.

Outside of the breeding season, these birds are highly social, living in coveys of up to 20 individuals. They navigate through tall grass in single file using established runs. When a predator approaches, the covey will squat low and bunch together before suddenly bursting into flight in multiple directions with a loud, characteristic whirring of wings.

The species is not currently considered globally threatened due to its extensive range. While the population in Sri Lanka has seen a decline since the 1950s, the jungle bush quail remains common and widespread throughout the rest of its range.

1. They are known for their 'explosive' flight pattern used to startle and confuse predators.
2. Despite being largely sedentary, the populations in Nepal are thought to be migratory during the winter months.
3. They prefer natural scrublands and generally avoid areas heavily modified by agriculture.
4. The male and female look so different that they could easily be mistaken for different species by an untrained eye.

• Search for them in dry, stony areas with plenty of scrub cover.
• Listen for the sound of 'whirring wings,' which often signals a covey taking flight.
• Look for small 'tunnels' or runs in the grass where they move in single file.
• Early morning is the best time to observe them as they move between feeding grounds.

The jungle bush quail is a resilient and social bird that adds a unique charm to the dry forests of South Asia. Whether it is their striking plumage or their sudden, explosive flight, they remain a highlight for bird enthusiasts exploring the Indian subcontinent.