Lesser Coucal

The Lesser Coucal (Centropus bengalensis) is a fascinating member of the cuckoo family, though unlike many of its relatives, it is not a brood parasite. Known for its skulking behavior and distinct plumage, this perching bird is a common yet often overlooked resident of grasslands and wetlands across South and Southeast Asia.

The Lesser Coucal is a medium-sized bird, typically measuring between 33 and 42 cm in length. Its plumage is strikingly contrasted, featuring a deep, glossy black body and head, which transitions into rich brown wings and mantle. During the breeding season, the black coloration becomes particularly intense, making it easily distinguishable from other coucal species found within its range.

This species prefers dense, low-lying vegetation. Its primary habitats include:

• Tall grasslands and reed beds
• Marshy areas and swamps
• Scrub forests and agricultural lands with thick cover

The Lesser Coucal is an opportunistic predator. Its diet primarily consists of:

• Large insects such as grasshoppers, beetles, and caterpillars
• Small vertebrates, including lizards and frogs
• Occasionally small snakes and bird eggs

Unlike most cuckoos, the Lesser Coucal builds its own nest. They construct a large, globular structure made of leaves and grass, usually hidden deep within dense vegetation or tall grass. The female typically lays a clutch of 2 to 4 white eggs, which are incubated by both parents.

The Lesser Coucal is notoriously shy and elusive. It is often seen scurrying through dense undergrowth rather than flying. When it does take flight, its wings are short and rounded, resulting in a somewhat labored, undulating flight pattern. They are most vocal during the breeding season, often emitting a series of low, hollow 'coo' notes.

The Lesser Coucal is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN. While its population is stable, it faces localized threats due to the destruction of wetlands and the conversion of grassland habitats into agricultural land.

1. Despite being in the cuckoo family, they are excellent parents who build their own nests.
2. They have a distinct habit of 'sunbathing' with their wings spread wide to absorb heat.
3. Their scientific name, bengalensis, refers to the Bengal region where they were first documented.
4. They are often heard before they are seen, thanks to their resonant, low-frequency calls.

To spot a Lesser Coucal, visit damp grasslands early in the morning or late in the afternoon. Look for movement at the base of tall grasses. Using a high-quality pair of binoculars is essential as they rarely venture into the open. If you hear a series of 'coo' calls, remain perfectly still and scan the nearby dense vegetation.

The Lesser Coucal is a testament to the diversity of the cuckoo family. By understanding its specific habitat needs and shy nature, birdwatchers can appreciate the beauty of this elusive ground-dweller. Protecting its grassland home remains the best way to ensure this species continues to thrive in the wild.