Introduction
The Savanna Nightjar (Caprimulgus affinis) is a medium-sized nocturnal bird belonging to the family Caprimulgidae. Renowned for its incredible camouflage and sharp, piercing calls, this species is a common sight across South and Southeast Asia.
Physical Appearance
The Savanna Nightjar typically measures between 23-23 cm in length. It possesses a cryptic, variegated plumage consisting of grey, brown, and buff tones that allow it to blend seamlessly with the ground. Males are distinguished by white patches on the outer tail feathers and wings, which are highly visible during flight.
Habitat
This bird prefers open habitats such as grasslands, scrublands, and stony slopes. Uniquely, it has adapted exceptionally well to urban environments, often inhabiting flat, gravel-covered rooftops in major cities, which mimic its natural rocky nesting sites.
Diet
The Savanna Nightjar is strictly insectivorous. It hunts at dusk and during the night, utilizing its wide gape to capture flying insects such as moths, beetles, termites, and grasshoppers mid-air.
Breeding and Nesting
Breeding typically occurs on the ground or on flat roofs. They do not build a formal nest; instead, the female lays one or two cryptically colored eggs directly on the bare substrate. Both parents may participate in the protection of the nesting site.
Behavior
Being crepuscular and nocturnal, the Savanna Nightjar is most active during twilight. It is well-known for its distinctive flight call—a loud, metallic "chwip". During the day, it remains motionless on the ground or on low branches, relying on its plumage to avoid detection by predators.
Conservation Status
The Savanna Nightjar is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN. Its ability to adapt to human-altered landscapes and urban centers has helped maintain a stable population across its wide geographical range.
Interesting Facts
- They are often called 'rooftop nightjars' because of their preference for nesting on skyscrapers in urban areas.
- Their eyes reflect light at night, often appearing as bright red or orange spots when caught in a flashlight beam.
- Despite their small size, their mouth can open extremely wide to act as a 'bug net' while flying.
- The variegated patterns on their feathers are so effective that a person can stand inches away from a roosting bird without noticing it.
Tips for Birdwatchers
- Listen for the call: The easiest way to locate them is by their sharp 'chwip' sound at dusk.
- Scan flat roofs: If you are in an urban area, check the edges of flat gravel roofs during the early evening.
- Use a flashlight: In rural areas, look for 'eye-shine' on open ground or rocky paths at night.
Conclusion
The Savanna Nightjar is a master of disguise and a testament to avian adaptability. Whether in the wild savanna or the concrete jungle, this bird continues to thrive as a silent, nocturnal hunter of the skies.
