Introduction
The Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata) is a majestic and iconic wading bird, widely recognized as the largest wader in Europe. Known for its haunting, evocative call that echoes across coastal mudflats and moorlands, it is a flagship species for wetland conservation.
Physical Appearance
Standing between 50-60 cm in height with a wingspan reaching up to 100 cm, the Eurasian Curlew is easily identified by its exceptionally long, downward-curved bill. Its plumage is a mottled grayish-brown, providing excellent camouflage against marshland. It has long, bluish-grey legs and a white rump that is visible during flight.
Habitat
During the breeding season, these birds inhabit upland moors, peat bogs, and damp meadows. In the winter months, they migrate to coastal areas, including estuaries, saltmarshes, and muddy shorelines, where they can find ample food in the soft substrate.
Diet
The diet of the Eurasian Curlew primarily consists of invertebrates. Using its specialized bill, it probes deep into mud and sand to find:
- Earthworms and lugworms
- Crabs and small mollusks
- Insects and larvae
- Occasionally berries or seeds during breeding season
Breeding and Nesting
Eurasian Curlews are ground nesters. They create a shallow scrape in the ground, usually hidden by tall grass or heather. A typical clutch consists of four eggs, which are incubated by both parents. The chicks are precocial, meaning they leave the nest and start feeding themselves shortly after hatching.
Behavior
These birds are generally wary and shy, often taking flight at the first sign of a disturbance. They are highly migratory, with many birds from Northern Europe moving south and west to milder coastal climates for the winter. Their flight is strong and steady, characterized by slow wingbeats.
Conservation Status
The Eurasian Curlew is currently listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. Population declines are largely attributed to habitat loss, changes in farming practices, and high levels of nest predation. Conservation efforts are underway across Europe to protect their breeding grounds.
Interesting Facts
- The female's bill is typically longer than the male's, allowing them to niche-partition and hunt different prey.
- The name 'Curlew' is an onomatopoeic imitation of its famous 'cur-lee' call.
- They can live for over 20 years in the wild.
- In many cultures, the curlew's call was once considered an omen of stormy weather or even bad luck.
Tips for Birdwatchers
To see Eurasian Curlews, visit coastal estuaries during low tide in the winter. Because they are easily spooked, it is best to use a bird hide or binoculars to observe them from a distance. Listen for their distinctive bubbling rising call, which is most frequent during the spring display.
Conclusion
The Eurasian Curlew is a vital part of our natural heritage. As a symbol of the wild coast and open moorlands, protecting this species is essential for maintaining the biodiversity of our wetlands. Whether you are an avid birder or a casual nature lover, the sight of a Curlew is always a highlight of the Great Outdoors.
