red breasted merganser

The Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator) is a distinctive diving duck belonging to the 'sawbill' group. Known for its elegant profile and sharp, serrated bill, this species is a fascinating winter visitor to the Indian subcontinent, particularly in Pakistan, India, and Nepal.

Adults typically measure between 52-58 cm in length with a wingspan of 70–86 cm. They are easily identified by a spiky crest and a long, thin red bill with serrated edges. The male features a dark head with a green sheen, a white neck with a rusty breast, and a black back. Adult females and juveniles have a more muted rusty head and a grayish body.

The habits of the Red-breasted Merganser are similar to those of the Goosander. They are primarily found in coastal waters, large rivers, and lakes. In the South Asian region, they are notable winter visitors to the coastal regions of Pakistan.

Red-breasted mergansers are expert divers that swim underwater to hunt. Their diet mainly includes:

• Small fish
• Aquatic insects
• Crustaceans
• Frogs

While they are winter visitors in the Indian subcontinent, they typically breed in northern latitudes. They prefer nesting on the ground near water, often well-hidden by scrub, beach grass, or rocks to ensure protection for their young.

These birds are highly social and are often seen in small flocks. They are proficient swimmers and divers, using their serrated bills to firmly grip slippery fish. Their flight is typically low over the water and remarkably fast.

The Red-breasted Merganser is currently listed as a species of Least Concern. However, like many waterfowl, they are sensitive to water pollution and habitat loss in their wintering grounds.

1. The genus name Mergus is a Latin word used by ancient Roman authors to refer to waterbirds.
2. The species name serrator means 'sawyer' in Latin, referring to its 'saw-like' bill.
3. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.
4. They can weigh anywhere between 800 to 1,350 grams depending on their age and health.

For the best chance to see a Red-breasted Merganser, visit the coastal wetlands of Pakistan during the winter months. Look for their distinctive spiky silhouettes against the water. Using a spotting scope is recommended as they often stay some distance from the shore.

The Red-breasted Merganser is a striking example of specialized avian evolution. From its 'sawbill' for catching fish to its impressive diving capabilities, it remains a highlight for birdwatchers across Pakistan and the surrounding regions during the winter season.