common kestrel

The Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) is one of the most recognizable birds of prey across Europe, Asia, and Africa. Belonging to the falcon family, this small raptor is famous for its ability to hover stationary in mid-air while hunting for prey on the ground.

The Common Kestrel is a medium-sized falcon, typically measuring between 32-35 cm in length with a wingspan of 65-80 cm. They possess long wings and a notably long tail.

• Males: Feature a blue-grey head and tail with a black terminal band.
• Females: Are slightly larger and exhibit a more uniform rufous-brown plumage with dark bars across the back and tail.

Common Kestrels are highly adaptable and can be found in a variety of environments. Their preferred habitat includes:

• Open grasslands and meadows.
• Farmlands and agricultural fields.
• Roadside verges and motorway embankments.
• Urban areas where they often nest on tall buildings or cathedral ledges.

The primary diet of the Common Kestrel consists of small mammals, particularly voles, which can make up a significant portion of their intake. However, they are opportunistic hunters and will also consume:

• Mice and shrews.
• Small birds and lizards.
• Large insects like beetles and grasshoppers.
• Earthworms.

Common Kestrels do not build their own nests. Instead, they utilize:

• Holes in trees or cliffs.
• Abandoned nests of other birds, such as crows or magpies.
• Man-made nest boxes.

The most distinctive behavior of the Common Kestrel is hovering. By facing into the wind and flapping its wings rapidly, it can keep its head perfectly still to spot movement in the grass. They are diurnal hunters and are often seen perched on telegraph poles or scanning fields from the air.

The Common Kestrel is currently listed as Least Concern by the IUCN. However, populations in some regions have seen declines due to habitat loss, the use of pesticides affecting their food supply, and changes in intensive farming practices.

1. Kestrels can see ultraviolet light, allowing them to track the urine trails left by voles on the ground.
2. They are often called 'wind-hovers' due to their unique hunting technique.
3. Unlike many other falcons, they are quite comfortable living in close proximity to humans in cities.
4. A kestrel's vision is roughly eight times more powerful than a human's.

To spot a Common Kestrel, look for a small bird hovering stationary over motorway verges or open fields. Listen for their shrill, high-pitched 'kee-kee-kee' call. They are most active during the day, especially in clear weather which allows for better visibility of prey.

The Common Kestrel is a resilient and fascinating raptor that plays a vital role in controlling rodent populations. Whether you are in the countryside or a bustling city, keeping an eye on the sky might reward you with a glimpse of this master of the air.