red necked grebe

The red-necked grebe (Podiceps grisegena) is a fascinating migratory aquatic bird found across the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Known for its striking appearance during the breeding season and its remarkable diving abilities, this species is a highlight for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts alike.

Measuring between 40-50 cm in length, the red-necked grebe undergoes a significant transformation throughout the year. In winter, it is a nondescript dusky-grey bird. However, during the breeding season, it displays its namesake red neck plumage, a sharp black cap, and a contrasting pale grey face. Its feet are positioned far back on its body, an adaptation that makes it an expert swimmer but quite ungainly on land.

The habitat of the red-necked grebe varies by season:

• Breeding Habitat: They prefer shallow bodies of fresh water, such as marshes, lakes, and fish-ponds, often surrounded by forested areas or shrub tundra.
• Wintering Habitat: Migratory populations move to coastal areas, wintering in estuaries, bays, and offshore waters less than 15 meters deep with sand or gravel bottoms.

The red-necked grebe is a versatile feeder. Its diet primarily consists of:

• Invertebrates: Including adult and larval aquatic insects like water beetles and dragonfly larvae.
• Crustaceans: Such as crayfish, which can make up to 20% of their diet.
• Fish: Species like smelt are particularly important for the North American subspecies.
• Molluscs: Occasionally consumed depending on local availability.

Breeding occurs in shallow freshwater environments with abundant emergent vegetation like reedbeds. The red-necked grebe is known for its elaborate courtship displays and loud mating calls. Once a pair is formed, they construct a nest made of water plants on top of floating vegetation in shallow lakes or bogs.

As a highly aquatic species, the red-necked grebe is a swift diver and a powerful swimmer. When threatened, it prefers to dive underwater rather than fly. Interestingly, these birds are known to swallow their own feathers, a behavior believed to help protect their digestive system from sharp fish bones.

The red-necked grebe is currently evaluated as Least Concern by conservation authorities. The global population, consisting of the European/Asian subspecies (P. g. grisegena) and the North American/Siberian subspecies (P. g. holboelii), is considered stable or growing.

1. The red-necked grebe can be found in concentrations of over 2,000 individuals at favored staging sites during migration.
2. Migration typically occurs at night, though they may fly during the day when traveling over water.
3. The American subspecies, known as the Holbœll grebe, is larger than its European counterpart.
4. Their legs are so far back on their bodies that they are almost incapable of walking on land.

To spot a red-necked grebe, look for them in calm coastal waters during the winter or shallow inland lakes during the spring. Because they dive frequently, patience is key; if one disappears, scan the surface nearby as they can remain submerged for significant periods. Using a spotting scope is recommended for offshore viewing.

The red-necked grebe is a resilient and beautiful species that showcases the complexity of migratory bird life. From its unique nesting habits to its striking breeding plumage, it remains one of the most interesting aquatic birds in the northern hemisphere.