white bellied sea eagle

The White-bellied Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) is a powerful diurnal raptor belonging to the family Accipitridae. This majestic bird of prey is a common resident across a vast range, stretching from India through Southeast Asia to Australia, primarily dominating coastal landscapes and major waterways.

Measuring between 66-71 cm, the White-bellied Sea Eagle is a large and distinctive bird. Adults feature a pristine white head, breast, and under-wing coverts, which contrast sharply with their grey upper-parts and black flight feathers. Like all species in its genus, it possesses a characteristic short, wedge-shaped tail.

This eagle is chiefly found along coasts and offshore islands. It is a master of the skies, frequently observed soaring and circling at great heights. When not in flight, it prefers prominent perches—often tall trees or rocky outcrops—situated near water sources to keep a sharp eye on potential prey.

The White-bellied Sea Eagle is a highly skilled opportunistic carnivore. Its diet is predominantly aquatic, consisting of fish, turtles, and sea snakes. However, it is not a picky eater and will hunt birds (such as little penguins and shearwaters), mammals like flying foxes, and even various species of cuscus.

It often catches fish by skimming low over the water, thrusting its feet forward under its chin, and striking backward to seize the prey. Additionally, they are known to feed on carrion, raid fishing nets, and follow cane harvesters to pick off displaced animals.

These eagles typically establish permanent territories and build massive stick nests, often located in tall trees or on coastal cliffs. These nests are frequently reused and expanded year after year, becoming quite enormous over time.

Strategic hunters, they often fly directly into or at right angles to the sun to avoid casting shadows that might alert fish below. They are capable of diving at a 45-degree angle to snatch prey near the surface and are known to be aggressive enough to attack prey as large as a swan.

While generally widespread, the White-bellied Sea Eagle is susceptible to habitat loss and human disturbance, particularly in nesting areas. In many regions, they are protected to ensure their coastal ecosystems remain balanced.

1. They can lift prey while simultaneously beating their wings to gain immediate upwards momentum.
2. They are known to use only one foot to seize waterborne prey in many instances.
3. In the Bismarck Archipelago, they have been recorded preying on two different species of possum.
4. Their wedge-shaped tail is a diagnostic feature used to identify them from other large raptors in flight.

To spot a White-bellied Sea Eagle, scan the tops of the tallest trees near the shoreline or watch the horizon for their distinctive V-shaped wing profile while soaring. Using binoculars is recommended, as they often circle at altitudes where their white plumage blends with the bright sky.

The White-bellied Sea Eagle remains one of the most iconic raptors of the Indo-Pacific region. Its presence is a testament to the health of coastal environments, making it a priority for both conservationists and birdwatching enthusiasts alike.