smew

The Smew (Mergellus albellus) is a small, elegant diving duck and the sole member of its genus. Known for the male's striking 'cracked ice' appearance, this species is a favorite among birdwatchers across Eurasia during the winter months.

Measuring between 38-44 cm in length with a wingspan of 55-69 cm, the Smew is smaller than most other mergansers. The adult male is unmistakable with its brilliant white plumage and fine black patterns. The female, often referred to as a 'redhead,' features a grey body, a chestnut-brown crown, and a distinct white throat and cheek patch.

The Smew primarily inhabits the taiga of northern Europe and Asia. During the breeding season, it favors freshwater lakes and slow-flowing rivers surrounded by old-growth forests. In winter, they migrate south to more temperate regions, settling on sheltered coastal bays, large inland lakes, and reservoirs.

As a specialized diving duck, the Smew's diet consists mainly of small fish. They also consume aquatic insects, larvae, and crustaceans, especially during the summer months when protein needs are high for breeding and raising young. Their serrated bills are perfectly adapted for gripping slippery prey.

Smews are cavity nesters, often utilizing old woodpecker holes (particularly those of the Black Woodpecker) or artificial nest boxes located near water. The female typically lays 7-11 cream-colored eggs and handles the incubation process alone for about 26-28 days.

These birds are expert divers, disappearing beneath the surface with ease to hunt. They are generally shy and wary of humans. In flight, they are very fast and agile, often seen in small, tight-knit groups during the winter migration, sometimes associating with other diving ducks.

The Smew is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN. However, they remain sensitive to habitat loss, particularly the destruction of old-growth forests which provide essential nesting cavities, and the impacts of water pollution on fish stocks.

1. The Smew is the smallest of the sawbill ducks found in the Palearctic region.
2. Hybridization between Smews and Common Goldeneyes has been recorded in the wild, producing unique-looking offspring.
3. The name 'Smew' is thought to be derived from an old Dutch word for a small sea-duck.
4. Unlike many other ducks, Smews are highly dependent on forested environments for successful breeding.

To spot a Smew, visit large freshwater reservoirs or gravel pits during the winter months. Look for the bright white plumage of the males, which stands out even at a distance. Bring a high-quality spotting scope, as they often stay far from the shoreline and are easily spooked by movement.

The Smew (Mergellus albellus) is a captivating species that bridges the gap between mergansers and goldeneyes. Whether you are admiring the male's icy white feathers or the female's subtle beauty, seeing a Smew is always a highlight for any bird enthusiast and a testament to the diversity of our wetlands.